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88 lines
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HTML
88 lines
4.0 KiB
HTML
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<meta name="keywords" content="Blog, articles, template, rsync, backup">
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<meta name="author" content="Nathan (Aney) Steel">
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<title>Backup with rsync</title>
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<a href="#main" class="vh">Jump directly to main content</a>
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<h1>Backup with rsync</h1>
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<p class="intro">Rsync is a program that allows for incremental backups. This means that rsync will not create an additional copy of the data when backing up, it will only backup changes to the files/directories, saving bandwidth and storage space.</p>
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<h2>Installation</h2>
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<pre><code>sudo apt install rsync</code></pre>
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<h2>Backup</h2>
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<pre><code>rsync -azh $ORIGINAL $BACKUP</code></pre>
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<p>Replace $ORIGINAL with the file/directory to backup, and $BACKUP with the location for the backup to reside.</p>
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<p>The $BACKUP destination must be a blank directory, an rsync directory, or not currently exist.</p>
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<h3>Remote rsync backup</h3>
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<p>If you need to rsync from one PC to another, it's essential the same command, but with the additional layer of ssh</p>
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<pre><code>rsync -azh -e ssh $ORIGINAL $BACKUP</code></pre>
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<p>$BACKUP here will be an ssh connection pointed to a location, much like when using scp, so the command will look like</p>
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<pre><code>rsync -azh -e ssh $ORIGINAL $USER@$HOST:$LOCATION</code></pre>
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<p>Replacing $USER and $HOST with the username and hostname/IP for the server</p>
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<h2>Restore</h2>
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<p>A restore in rsync doesn't require any rsync code per-se, as you can just copy individual files from the backup location to the restore location.</p>
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<p>Alternatively to restore the entire directory, keeping files that haven't changes, and those that have to the time of the last backup, rsync can do that as below</p>
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<pre><code>rsync -auv $BACKUP $RESTORE</code></pre>
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<h3>Over the internet</h3>
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<p>Like with backups, these restores can be done over the network/internet too</p>
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<pre><code>rsync -auv $USER@$HOST:$BACKUP $RESTORE</code></pre>
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<h2>Notes/Advanced</h2>
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<pre><code>
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-r recursive. All files/directories in the path will be backed up
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-a archive mode. Recursive, but with file permissions, symlinks, etc retained.
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-z compress
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-b backups
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-R relative
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-u update - copy only changed files
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-P progress
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-c compress
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-p preserve permissions
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-h human readable. Make the output readible by humans
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</code></pre>
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<h2>Downsides</h2>
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<p>Rsync only keeps one copy of the data, and doesn't keep the changes that were made, making it impossible* to restore a file's contents from the day previous. If this is what you're after, look at <a href="/guides/backup-with-rdiff.html">rdiff-backup</a>.</p>
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<p>* Not impossible, as you <em>can</em> set rsync to do this, but it requires a bit of scripting, and isn't as easy as just running the program</p>
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<p>Written by <a href="https://aney.co.uk" target="_blank" rel="noopener">@aney</a> with <a href="https://danluu.com/web-bloat/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">web bloat</a> in mind | <a href="https://github.com/Aney/website" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Source Code</a></p>
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